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AI Security

AI Security and LLM Penetration Testing

We test the layer most security firms still don't know how to attack. From prompt injection to model extraction, from RAG poisoning to autonomous agent abuse.

  • 8 AI attack categories tested per engagement
  • 5 phases in the AI-RAM methodology
  • #1 most exploited AI vulnerability: prompt injection (OWASP LLM Top 10)

Why AI security matters now

Most enterprises are deploying AI systems faster than they can secure them. The attack surface is new, the tooling is immature, and traditional security firms lack the expertise to test it properly.

  • Enterprises deploying LLMs in production without dedicated security testing
  • Traditional pentest firms don't understand AI-specific attack surfaces
  • Prompt injection is the #1 exploited AI vulnerability — and it's often invisible to standard testing
  • RAG systems ingest untrusted data without input validation or poisoning controls
  • Autonomous agents with tool access create novel privilege escalation paths
  • AI supply chains carry hidden risks across models, datasets, and frameworks

What we test

  • LLM Penetration Testing

    Systematic adversarial testing of large language models deployed in production, covering jailbreaks, output manipulation, and data leakage vectors.

  • AI Red Teaming

    Full-scope attack simulation against AI-powered systems. We emulate real-world threat actors targeting your models, pipelines, and inference endpoints.

  • RAG Security Assessment

    We test retrieval-augmented generation stacks for poisoning, context window manipulation, and indirect prompt injection through ingested documents.

  • AI Agent Security

    Autonomous agents introduce tool-use risks, privilege escalation paths, and chain-of-thought exploitation. We map every abuse scenario before production.

  • Prompt Injection Testing

    Direct and indirect prompt injection remains the most exploited AI vulnerability. We validate every input surface your model is exposed to.

  • Model Security Audit

    We assess model hosting configurations, API exposure, weight access controls, and serialization risks across your ML infrastructure.

  • AI Supply Chain Security

    Third-party models, datasets, and frameworks carry hidden risks. We audit your AI supply chain from Hugging Face repos to production containers.

  • AI Act Compliance

    We map your AI systems against the EU AI Act risk classifications and help you build the technical documentation the regulation requires.

What we've found

Content filter bypass via prompt injection

Scenario

A customer-facing chatbot for a financial services firm used a system prompt to enforce content restrictions.

Resolution

We bypassed the content filter entirely using indirect prompt injection embedded in user-supplied input, forcing the model to reveal internal instructions and produce policy-violating outputs. The filter was redesigned with input sanitisation and output validation layers.

RAG poisoning in a legal AI platform

Scenario

A legal tech company's AI assistant ingested documents from external sources into its knowledge base without validation.

Resolution

We injected adversarial instructions into a document that, once ingested, caused the model to override its retrieval behaviour and leak confidential case summaries to unprivileged users. The fix required isolating ingestion pipelines and adding semantic anomaly detection.

Agent tool abuse leading to data exfiltration

Scenario

An internal AI assistant had been granted access to internal APIs, a database query tool, and an email-sending capability.

Resolution

Through a sequence of crafted prompts, we caused the agent to chain its tool calls — querying the employee database and exfiltrating results via the email tool to an external address. Tool permission scoping and confirmation gates were implemented.

Model extraction via systematic API probing

Scenario

A company had deployed a proprietary fine-tuned model behind an API, with the model weights representing significant IP.

Resolution

Using systematic query strategies, we reconstructed a functional replica of the model's decision boundaries with fewer than 50,000 queries, well within free-tier API limits. Rate limiting, query fingerprinting, and output perturbation were introduced as countermeasures.

BUC AI-RAM™ Methodology

Our AI Risk Assessment Methodology follows five structured phases designed for repeatable, evidence-based AI security testing.

  • Reconnaissance — Map the AI attack surface: models, APIs, data flows, agent capabilities
  • Risk Modelling — Classify threats using OWASP LLM Top 10 and our proprietary taxonomy
  • Red Execution — Execute adversarial test cases across every identified vector
  • Reporting — Deliver actionable findings with severity scoring and remediation guidance
  • Re-validation — Verify fixes and re-test to confirm risk reduction

Who this is for

AI security assessment is relevant to any organisation deploying models in production — whether you built the AI or bought it.

Companies deploying LLMs in production

If your product or internal tooling is powered by a large language model, it has an attack surface that traditional penetration testing won't cover. We test it end to end.

Enterprises building RAG-powered applications

Retrieval-augmented generation introduces data ingestion, context injection, and retrieval trust issues that require specialist assessment methodology.

Organisations using AI agents with tool access

AI agents that can browse the web, query databases, send emails, or call external APIs carry compounded risk. We map every tool-abuse and privilege-escalation path before they reach production.

Companies subject to EU AI Act compliance

High-risk AI systems under the EU AI Act require documented security testing. Our assessments produce the technical evidence your compliance programme needs.

Understand how your AI systems fail before attackers do

Schedule an assessment